What is the term for a scotoma located immediately nasal or temporal to fixation?

The term for a scotoma located immediately nasal or temporal to fixation is "paracentral." In the context of vision, a scotoma refers to an area of partial or total loss of vision surrounded by a field of normal sight. A paracentral scotoma is specifically positioned close to the center of the visual field, which corresponds to the area just adjacent to the point of fixation.

This is significant in the study of visual fields and can be critical in diagnosing various ocular and neurological conditions. For instance, paracentral scotomas can often be associated with conditions such as glaucoma or retinal diseases, making identification essential in clinical practice.

The other terms provided have different meanings. A centrally located scotoma would refer to one that is at the center of the visual field, not necessarily adjacent to fixation. A peripheral scotoma would be in the outer areas of the visual field, far from the point of fixation. Foveal relates specifically to the fovea, the central part of the retina, suggesting vision issues directly at the center rather than near it. Thus, "paracentral" accurately describes scotomas that are just off-center, making it the correct choice in this scenario.