What condition does an iridotomy treat?

An iridotomy is a surgical procedure primarily performed to treat a condition known as pupillary block, which is a type of angle-closure glaucoma. In this scenario, the configuration of the iris and the lens can lead to a blockage of the normal flow of aqueous humor—fluid within the eye. This blockage can cause an increase in intraocular pressure, resulting in pain and potential vision loss.

By creating a small opening in the peripheral iris during an iridotomy, the procedure allows for better drainage of the aqueous humor. This alleviates the pressure buildup, effectively treating the condition. It is a specialized approach aimed at addressing the specific anatomical problem associated with pupillary block, hence making it the correct answer to the question.

The other conditions listed do not directly correlate with the purpose of an iridotomy intervention. For example, cataracts involve the clouding of the lens and do not require alteration of the iris, while retinal detachment is related to the retina rather than the iris and involves different surgical procedures. Glaucoma encompasses various types, but iridotomy specifically targets the pupillary block form of angle-closure glaucoma, making the distinction important for understanding the role of this treatment method.